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An industrial robotic arm operating within a visible boundary of light on a factory floor, symbolizing bounded authority in physical AI.

The Real Approval Question for Physical AI on the Floor

Manufacturers evaluating agentic and physical AI should test authority against consequence, not ease of approval.

A robotic arm with illuminated internal circuitry, some connection points fading into open, unsecured light at the frame's edge.

The Certification Boundary Problem for Open Robot Platforms

IEC 62443-4-1 certification secures a robot's factory-installed software, not the third-party apps and agents manufacturers plug into its open APIs.

A humanoid robot arm interacting with a laser safety scanner on an industrial factory floor.

Who Certifies the Humanoid

Vendor consortiums are writing de facto safety standards for industrial humanoids faster than regulators can formalize them.